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Since FreeBSD 10 has a number of new features that will affect my FreeBSD setup, that is:
I decided to jump on the alpha release bandwagon to see what changes I would need to make. I downloaded the i386 version of the FreeBSD-10 ALPHA4 release iso and burnt to CD. I planned to install FreeBSD 10 over the backup version of FreeBSD on crimson, known as chrome. Chrome was installed in a 30GB slice (in a number of partitions) on the fourth disk drive on crimson. I figured I could just re-use these existing partitions for FreeBSD 10.
The first problem I encountered was the message:
extracting base.tgz: can't unlink already existing object
during the extraction of the release sets to the hard disk. Googling led me to believe this might be due to insufficient disk space on the root partition, despite it being 1GB in size. I deleted the slice and re-created all the partitions (in an MBR) but with a 2GB root partition. The install then proceeded without issues. Later, I wondered if the problem was caused by the fact I originally re-installed using the existing root partition, which still had the 9.2 files on it. Hmmm, I may never know.
On reboot, the grub 1.5 boot commands could not boot the FreeBSD 10
kernel. The grub commands that worked with 9.2 were:
root (hd3,0,a) kernel /boot/loader
but now this gave the error:
Error 17 : Cannot mount selected partition
I also noticed grub complained about the partition type of (hd3,0), saying:
Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0xa5
With a 9.2 partition, it had no problem in detecting the type. To workaround this, I used the chainloader technique:
root (hd3,0) makeactive chainloader +1
and chrome booted successfully.
Now that I had a working FreeBSD 10 OS running, the next step was to start installing the ports I needed. First, I installed the ports tree, using portsnap:
portsnap fetch && portsnap extract
I then built the new package manager, pkg, from
/usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg and then setup the configuration file
/usr/local/etc/pkg.conf:
# System-wide configuration file for pkg(1)
# For more information on the file format and
# options please refer to the pkg.conf(5) man page
# Configuration options
PACKAGESITE : http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/latest
#PKG_DBDIR : /var/db/pkg
#PKG_CACHEDIR : /var/cache/pkg
#PORTSDIR : /usr/ports
#PUBKEY : /etc/ssl/pkg.conf
#HANDLE_RC_SCRIPTS : NO
#PKG_MULTIREPOS : NO
#ASSUME_ALWAYS_YES : NO
#SYSLOG : YES
#SHLIBS : NO
#AUTODEPS : NO
PORTAUDIT_SITE : http://portaudit.FreeBSD.org/auditfile.tbz
#PKG_PLUGINS_DIR : /usr/local/lib/pkg/plugins
#PKG_ENABLE_PLUGINS : YES
#PLUGINS : [commands/mystat]
#REPO_AUTOUPDATE : YES
# Repository definitions
#repos:
# default : http://example.org/pkgng/
# repo1 : http://somewhere.org/pkgng/repo1/
# repo2 : http://somewhere.org/pkgng/repo2/
At the time of writing, the only package contained in the
PACKAGESITE location is pkg itself. The population of
packages has been delayed by the earlier compromise of the FreeBSD
ports building cluster. So, I have to build from ports for the time
being.
Now that FreeBSD 10 has been released, the recommendation is not to
bother setting up a pkg.conf file if you have no
modifications to make. The desired repository is defined in a file
located in /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf (there can
be many repository configuration files in the repos directory) with
the following content:
FreeBSD: {
url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/latest",
mirror_type: "srv",
enabled: yes
}
In addition to the latest repository, there are (according to this post from phoenix) a couple of alternatives:
http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/release/0/ # Packages at time of release; this will not change.
http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/quarterly/ # This is updated 3x per year.
http://pkg.freebsd.org/${ABI}/latest/ # This is the default and updated every 2 weeks, I believe.
I tried to build emacs (without X11, that is emacs-nox11),
but that failed with:
if test "no" = "yes"; then \ rm -f bootstrap-emacs; \ ln temacs bootstrap-emacs; \ else \ `/bin/pwd`/temacs --batch --load loadup bootstrap || exit 1; \ test "X" = X || -zex emacs; \ mv -f emacs bootstrap-emacs; \ fi Loading loadup.el (source)... Using load-path (/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/lisp \ /usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/lisp/emacs-lisp \ /usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/lisp/language \ /usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/lisp/international \ /usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/lisp/textmodes) Loading emacs-lisp/byte-run... Loading emacs-lisp/backquote... Loading subr... Loading version... Segmentation fault (core dumped) gmake[2]: *** [bootstrap-emacs] Error 1 gmake[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/src' gmake[1]: *** [src] Error 2 gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3' ===> Compilation failed unexpectedly. Try to set MAKE_JOBS_UNSAFE=yes and rebuild before reporting the failure to the maintainer. *** Error code 1 Stop. make: stopped in /usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11
Setting MAKE_JOBS_UNSAFE=yes didn't make any difference. Hmm, can't
find any help via google. Maybe emacs isn't ready for CLANG yet?
I set CFLAGS=-g to find out more info from the seg fault, but
suprisingly I got this:
cc -nostdlib -Demacs -I. -I/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/src
-I../lib -I/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/src/../lib \
-MMD -MF deps/.d -MP -g -march=pentiumpro -L/usr/local/lib \
-Wl,-rpath=/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib -Wl,-znocombreloc \
-o temacs pre-crt0.o /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/lib/crti.o dispnew.o frame.o \
scroll.o xdisp.o menu.o window.o charset.o coding.o category.o ccl.o \
character.o chartab.o bidi.o cm.o term.o terminal.o xfaces.o emacs.o \
keyboard.o macros.o keymap.o sysdep.o buffer.o filelock.o insdel.o \
marker.o minibuf.o fileio.o dired.o cmds.o casetab.o casefiddle.o \
indent.o search.o regex.o undo.o alloc.o data.o doc.o editfns.o \
callint.o eval.o floatfns.o fns.o font.o print.o lread.o syntax.o \
unexelf.o bytecode.o process.o gnutls.o callproc.o region-cache.o \
sound.o atimer.o doprnt.o intervals.o textprop.o composite.o xml.o \
profiler.o terminfo.o lastfile.o gmalloc.o vm-limit.o \
../lib/libgnu.a -lrt -lexecinfo \
-lutil -lncurses -lpthread -lm -lgcc -lc -lgcc /usr/lib/crtn.o
xdisp.o: In function `get_next_display_element':
/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/src/xdisp.c:6887:
undefined reference to `face_for_font'
cc: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
gmake[2]: *** [temacs] Error 1
gmake[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3/src'
gmake[1]: *** [src] Error 2
gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/editors/emacs-nox11/work/emacs-24.3'
===> Compilation failed unexpectedly.
Try to set MAKE_JOBS_UNSAFE=yes and rebuild before reporting the failure to
the maintainer.
*** Error code 1
Ah, now Google was helpful. This had been reported recently here and fixed in trunk revision 114482. The fix (having looked at the source to xdisp.c was quite simple. Here's the diff:
# diff /home/mark/dev/emacs-24.3/src/xdisp.c work/emacs-24.3/src/xdisp.c 6872c6872 < #ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM --- > 6913c6913 < #endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */ ---
I modified the source of src/xdisp.c so that it
#ifdef'd out the call to face_for_font and started
make again. This time the emacs build succeeded. Why did
specifying the debug flag in CFLAGS cause the link failure?
I suspect that my default CFLAGS setting of "-O
-pipe" caused CLANG to optimise out the call to
face_for_font, but also the original segmentation fault
through over-agressive optimisation. Well, it's a conjecture.
The fix for the emacs-nox11 problem described above was to
make emacs-nox11 dependent on gcc4.6, rather than building
with CLANG. Trouble is, that means an additional 14 packages need to
be installed. Worse, if you go with the emacs24 package, it is 124
packages (all that X stuff). Given this, I decided to build and
install emacs using the same approach I had used on Mac OS X, that is, from the emacs trunk
source code. This only requires two additional packages,
autoconf and automake.
Building smaba36 from ports threw up another error, this time in
sysutils/libsunacl. Luckily, this had also been
reported.. Commenting out the check for NO_PROFILE in
the Makefile was sufficient for the libsunacl port
install to succeed.
Once I started digging into the capabilities of unbound, I
realised it would not be able to be a replacement for BIND. I use
BIND to:
Based on this, I installed bind99 from ports. However, the
port does not come with the configuration files that were part of
base, so the the existing named configuration files from
FreeBSD 9.2 were reused. For reference, from /etc/namedb,
these are:
dynamic/ named.root chrome.named.conf master/ rndc.key chrome.named.options named.conf slave/ working/
I copied the chroot directories and files (from under
/var/namedb on a 9.2 system) to the same place on the 10
system.
A link must be created:
ln -s /var/named/etc/namedb /etc/namedb
which makes the links created in /usr/local/etc by the port
install process valid:
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 22 5 Oct 11:22 /usr/local/etc/named.conf@ -> /etc/namedb/named.conf lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 20 5 Oct 11:22 /usr/local/etc/rndc.key@ -> /etc/namedb/rndc.key
In addition, the port doesn't seem to come with any start scripts in
/usr/local/etc/rc.d, so I copied the version in
/etc/rc.d/named, which is still available in FreeBSD 10. I
removed the check for an update of the chroot structure, as now it
is my responsibility.
Finally, the /etc/rc.conf file must be updated to reference
the named port binary:
named_enable="YES" named_program="/usr/local/sbin/named"
This all enables bind to start exactly as in pre-FreeBSD
10, with the arguments "-t /var/named -u bind". However, I
wonder if, at some point, the bind user will have to be
defined locally if that is also removed from base.
The above situation for the bind ports has changed since it was
written (discovered while setting up a new machine with FreeBSD 10).
The bind99 port now installs configuration files and a startup
script in /usr/local/etc. This is presumably due to the
efforts of Erwin Lansing (based on posts to the freebsd-stable
mailing list. The chroot setup has gone, but in my environment,
that is not much of a concern.
So, taking the path of least resistance (or is it the road to
hell?), I modiifed the bind configuration files in
/usr/local/etc/namedb as required for the local network and
made the following additions to /etc/rc.conf:
named_enable="YES" named_program="/usr/local/sbin/named" named_conf="/usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf" named_chrootdir=""
Also remember to remove the now redundant /etc/rc.d/named
script; if you don't, named will be started twice.
From FreeBSD 9.1, subversion replaced cvs as the method of source
code control and therefore for obtaining the FreeBSD source code.
For FreeBSD 9.1 and 9.2 I installed the full subversion package.
I read on the freebsd-stable mailing list that a
lightweight subversion client had been developed and was available
in ports. However, on installing FreeBSD 10, I discovered another
svn client (svnlite) that was offered by the base system.
This operates exactly as the real svn client, so a complete copy of
the FreeBSD 10 source tree (currently in head) is downloaded via:
svnlite co svn://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src
When FreeBSD 10 is baselined, I'll have to switch the
checkout to releng/10.0, rather than head
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